Describe the process of energy transformation starting from reduced carbohydrates, through the metabolic cofactors (electron recipients) used in oxidative metabolism, ending with the eventual generation of ATP by ATP synthase. Be sure to specify the type of energy conserved at each step of the transformation.

Carbohydrates is a macromolecules which is broken down into simpler substances like glucose which is used in the generation of energy in the process of cellular respiration.

Explanation:

Glycolysis is the first phase of respiration in which glucose molecule is broken down forming two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH and two molecules of water. The second phase is Krebs cycle in which oxidation of acetyl-CoA occurs and energy is released in the form 2 ATP and carbondioxide. Electron transport chain is a third phase in which NADH, FADH and oxygen are the reactants producing 34 ATP and water. 34 ATP includes ATP of glycolysis and Krebs cycle.