If a pure R isomer has a specific rotation of –126.0°, and a sample contains 64.0% of the R isomer and 36.0% of its enantiomer, what is the observed specific rotation of the mixture?

The observed specific rotation of the mixture = 68.04°  

Explanation:

Given data

Specific rotation of the R isomer = - 126°

The bet rotation of the mixture is the rotation of excess enantiomer.

The R isomer = 64 %

Enantiomer = 36 %

The Enantiomer excess of the R isomer is given by

ee = 64 - 36 = 28 %

The observed specific rotation of the mixture is the rotation of this  Enantiomer excess.

Therefore the rotation of this  excess enantiomer

α = 0.54 × ( -126° )

α = 68.04°

Thus the observed specific rotation of the mixture = 68.04°  

answer: the rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature.

increase in temperature, increases the molecular/particles speed (kinetic energy. diffusion means movement of particles through the material.

generally, the heavier the particle the more it interacts with the environment and more the temperature matters. so higher temperature results in higher diffusion.

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