Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid that is completely ionized in aqueous solutions of concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% (1.50 M ). However, in more concentrated solutions, part of the nitric acid is present as un-ionized molecules of HNO3. For example, in a 50% solution (7.50 M ) at 25°C, only 33% of the molecules of HNO3 dissociate into H+ and NO3–. What is the value of Ka for HNO3?

The value of the of the nitric acid is 1.2.

Explanation:

The initial concentration of nitric acid = c = 7.50 M

The dissociation constant of nitric acid =  

Degree of dissociation of nitric acid =

initially

c       0    0

At equilibrium

(c-cα)      cα   cα

The expression of dissociation constant :

The value of the of the nitric acid is 1.2.

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

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c. electrical charges of ionic bonds.