True / false. circle the letter of
anytrue statement.
1. a sodium ion is smaller than a soduim atom.
2. metal tend to lose their valence electrons,
formingposetively charged ions.

1. A sodium ion is smaller than a soduim atom. TRUE (The Statement is True)

2. Metal tend to lose their valence electrons, forming positively charged ions. TRUE (The Statement is True)

Explanation:

Why A sodium ion is smaller than a soduim atom:

The electronic configuration for sodium atom is [Na] 1s2 , 2s2, 2p6, 3s1

Removing the 3s electron leaves us with 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, so a sodium ion is Na+.

[Na]+, has no electrons in the 3rd shell as the 3s orbital is empty due to the loss of the electron. Due to the missing orbital, the size of the ion is much smaller than the neutral atom. When sodium ionises, one electron get removed from the outermost orbital of sodium atom so the effective nuclear charge on the nucleus increases, so the size decreases.

Why Metal tend to lose their valence electrons, forming positively charged ions.

When atoms lose electrons they become cations. Metals are very electropositive and tend to lose some of their valence electrons which are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms through a process called oxidation and takes on a positive electric charge.

acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. instead, it is more likely to weaken the trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil. the main atmospheric pollutants that affect trees are nitrates and sulphates.