What is the correct term for the impact that distance from the ocean can have on climate?

the way in which relative distance from the ocean can produce significant differences in climate is termed as

Continentality

Explanation:

Both questions refer to continentality. This term explains why the distance from the ocean is a fundamental factor in defining the climate of a place. The remoteness of the ocean makes difficult for humid air to reach some regions, which, as a consequence, show less rainfall and a high thermal amplitude (thermal amplitude refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values of an area).

For example, the coastal areas have moderate temperatures while the interior of the continents undergoes great thermal contrasts because of its different distance from the ocean.

a polar bond is formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.