Abeverage mixture contains citric acid, c₆h₈o₇ (molar mass 192 g/mol), plus sugar and flavorings. the mass of citric acid in a sample was determined by titration with sodium hydroxide solution. if a 1.500 g sample of the beverage mix required 46.65 ml of 0.1068 n naoh for complete neutralization, how many grams of citric acid were initially present in the sample?

0.319 gram

Explanation:

Convert Normality to Molarity.

for NaOH: 0.1068 N = 0.1068 M

Citric acid contains 3 groups of COOH so that 1 mole of citric acid reacts with 3 moles of NaOH.

#moles of NaOH =  Concentration x Volume = 0.1068 x 46.65 x 10^-3

= 4.98 x 10^-3 mol

#moles of Citric acid = #moles of NaOH/3 = 1.66 x 10^-3 mol

mass of citric acid = mole x molar mass =  1.66 x 10^-3 x 192 = 0.319 gram

- aluminum and copper chloride.

- the chloride ion to separate the aluminum from the oxygen so that the aluminum can react with the copper ions (and the water molecules).

c. because step up transformer steps up the input voltage i.e increases the input voltage  

the number of turns are greater on the secondary side of step up transformer  

transformer does not handle dc current