is the stage of the new-product process that positions and launches a new product in full-scale production and sales.

Suppose that electricity producers create a negative externality equal to $5 per unit. further suppose that the government imposes a $5 per-unit tax on the producers. what is the relationship between the after-tax equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of electricity to be produced?

Describe what fixed costs and marginal costs mean to a company.

Barney corporation recognized a $100 million preferred stock balance on 12/31/2019. on january 1, 2020, barney issued $10 million in preferred dividends. on the same date, barney raised an additional $20 million via a new issuance of preferred stock. on december 31, 2020, the market value of the original amount of preferred shares rose $5 million. under us gaap, the 12/31/2020 year ending preferred stock balance is: