Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the expected rate of return on an individual stock given various states of the economy? a. The expected return is an arithmetic average of the individual returns for each state of the economy.
b. As long as the total probabilities of the economic states equal 100%, then the expected return on the stock is a geometric average of the expected returns for each economic state.
c. The expected return is equal to the summation of the values computed by dividing the expected return for each economic state by the probability of the state.
d. The expected return is a geometric average where the probabilities of the economic states are used as the exponential powers.
e. The expected return is a weighted average of the returns where the probabilities of the economic states are used as the weights.

Adog whistle manufacturer's factory was located near a residential area. the manufacturer used the most effective methods for testing its whistles, but it was impossible to completely soundproof the testing area. a breeder of champion show dogs bought some property near the factory and raised and trained her dogs there. although the whistles were too high-pitched to be perceived by human ears, they could be heard by the breeder's dogs. consequently, the dogs often were in a constant state of agitation. in a suit by the breeder against the manufacturer, what is the likely outcome? response - correct a the breeder will prevail on a trespass theory, because the sound waves are entering onto the breeder's property. b the breeder will prevail on a nuisance theory, because the sound of the whistles is a substantial interference with the breeder's use of her land. c the breeder will not prevail, because the sound of the whistles is not a substantial interference with the breeder's use of her land. d the breeder will not prevail, because the manufacturer has acted reasonably in testing its whistles.