The real interest rate is equal to the:
A. nominal interest rate.
B. amount of interest that a lender actually receives when making a loan.
C. nominal interest rate plus the inflation rate.
D. nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.

By 2020, automobile market analysts expect that the demand for electric autos will increase as buyers become more familiar with the technology. however, the costs of producing electric autos may increase because of higher costs for inputs (e.g., rare earth elements), or they may decrease as the manufacturers learn better assembly methods (i.e., learning by doing). what is the expected impact of these changes on the equilibrium price and quantity for electric autos?