The Bradford Company issued 10% bonds, dated January 1, with a face amount of $80 million on January 1, 2021. The bonds mature on December 31, 2030 (10 years). For bonds of similar risk and maturity, the market yield is 12%. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31.

I strongly believe that the requirement is to calculate the price of the bond.

The bond is worth $ 70,824,063.03  

Explanation:

It is noteworthy that a rational would-be investor would pay for a bond a price that reflects the cash flows receivable from the bonds in future discounted to today's terms.              

The future cash flows comprise of the semi-annual coupon interest of $4 million(10%/2 *$80 million) for 20 periods as well as the repayment of the principal $80 million at the end of period 20

Since coupon is paid every six months, the coupon would be twenty times over the life of the bond(paid twice a year for 10 years)        

To bring the cash inflows today's term, we multiply them them by the discounting factor 1/(1+r)^N , where is the yield to maturity of 12% and N is the relevant the cash flow is received.          

The discounting is done in attached spreadsheet leading $ 70,824,063.03 present value today.        

the answer is d) it provided irrigation for farming.

its ii) i did this test

explanation: