An athletic league does drug testing of its athletes, 10 percent of whom use drugs. this test, however, is only 95 percent reliable. that is, a drug user will test positive with probability 0.95 and negative with probability 0.05, and a nonuser will test negative with probability 0.95 and positive with probability 0.05. develop a probability tree diagram to determine the posterior probability of each of the following outcomes of testing an athlete.

(a) the athlete is a drug user, given that the test is positive.

(b) the athlete is not a drug user, given that the test is positive.

M. cotteleer electronics supplies microcomputer circuitry to a company that incorporates microprocessors into refrigerators and other home appliances. one of the components has an annual demand of 235 units, and this is constant throughout the year. carrying cost is estimated to be $1.25 per unit per year, and the ordering (setup) cost is $21 per order. a) to minimize cost, how many units should be ordered each time an order is placed? b) how many orders per year are needed with the optimal policy? c) what is the average inventory if costs are minimized? d) suppose that the ordering cost is not $21, and cotteleer has been ordering 125 units each time an order is placed. for this order policy (of q = 125) to be optimal, determine what the ordering cost would have to be.

Joe pays ann to mow his lawn and ann mows vanna's lawn by mistake. vanna peers out her window and sees ann mowing, yet says nothing to ann about her mistake since vanna needs to have her lawn mowed. when ann approaches vanna for payment, vanna refuses, arguing that she never asked ann to mow her lawn. under these circumstances, ann can recover payment from vanna under:

As a general rule, when accountants calculate profit they account for explicit costs but usually ignorea. certain outlays of money by the firm.b. implicit costs.c. operating costs.d. fixed costs.