In the moorlands of scotland, red grouse are large birds that eat heather plants. red grouse are often attacked by

parasitic worms that feed in their guts. when the parasitic worms die, they are passed out of birds in the bird feces and then decompose in the soil. which of the following statements accurately describes this ecosystem? choose all that apply.

a. the productivity of heather is higher than the productivity of worms because the heather plants just have to undergo photosynthesis whereas the worms have to undergo photosynthesis and respiration.

b. phosphorus in the dna of the parasitic worms can be recycled into phosphorus in the cell membranes of heather plants.

c. energy can cycle from the heather to the grouse to the worm, back to the soil and then into the heather again.

d. when heather plants die, decomposers can break down this detritus, which returns carbon contained in them back to the atmosphere.

e. the worms can never receive any nitrogen that was once in the heather plants unless the plants have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots.