Which option identifies the type of budget development represented in the following scenario?
a cherry co-op in northern michigan conducts a thorough review of operating budgets from each department: operations, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and technology. the review has each department identify how each expense supports the co-op’s mission.
a. top-down approach
b. zero-based method
c. incremental method
d. bottom-up approach

David paid $975,000 for two beachfront lots in coastal south carolina, with the intention of building residential homes on each. two years later, the south carolina legislature passed the beachfront management act, barring any further development of the coast, including david's lots. when david files a complaint to seek compensation for his property, south carolina refuses, pointing to a passage in david's own complaint that states "the beachfront management act [was] properly and validly designed to south carolina's " is south carolina required to compensate david under the takings clause?