Exercise 19-19 crate express co. produces wooden crates used for shipping products by ocean liner. in 2017, crate express incurred the following costs. wood used in crate production $53,000 nails (considered insignificant and a variable expense) $510 direct labor $44,900 utilities for the plant: $1,700 each month, plus $0.50 for each kilowatt-hour used each month rent expense for the plant for the year $24,400 assume crate express used an average 800 kilowatt-hours each month over the past year. (a) what is crate express's total manufacturing cost if it uses a variable costing approach?

James is an employee in the widget inspection department of xyz systems, a government contractor. james was part of a 3-person inspection team that found a particular batch of widgets did not meet the exacting requirements of the u.s. government. in order to meet the tight deadline and avoid penalties under the contract, james' boss demanded that the batch of widgets be sent in fulfillment of the government contract. when james found out, he went to the vice president of the company and reported the situation. james was demoted by his boss, and no longer works on government projects. james has a: