2. which organelles are involved in energy conversion? (1 point) a.)mitochondria and chloroplasts b.)mitochondria and ribosomes c.)smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum d.)golgi apparatus and chloroplasts 3.)which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? (1 point) a.)diffusion b.)osmosis c.)active transport

Question 2.

The organelles that are involved in energy conversions are mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Further Explanation Mitochondria Mitochondria are organelles that are found in all eukaryotic cells. They are the power house of the cells as they provide energy that is required to drive all cellular processes in the cells. The process through which mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP to be used by the cells to drive its activities is called cellular respiration. Cell respiration  Cellular respiration is the process by which food substances are broken down to generate energy in the form of ATP. ATP is the usable form of energy by all cells to drive cellular activities such as transport, growth and development, excretion, etc. Chloroplasts  These are organelles that are found in plant cells. They are sites for a process known as photosynthesis in which plants use energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to generate simple sugars such as glucose. The process of photosynthesis involves energy conversions in plants which occurs in two stages; the light dependent stage and light independent stage.

Keywords: Mitochondria, chloroplasts, cellular respiration, photosynthesis

Question 3

Active transport is the means of particle transport that requires an input of energy from the cell.

Further Explanation: Active transport  Active transport is a type of physiological process which involves movement of substance against a concentration gradient. This type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP to aid movement of molecules against a concentration gradient.  Passive transport  Passive transport on the other hand involves movement of substances down the concentration gradient and therefore does not require an energy input. There are three types of passive transport; diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis.  Diffusion  It is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of solute molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.  Osmosis This is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of solvent molecules, normally water from a region where they are highly concentrated to a region where they are lowly concentrated through a semipermeable membrane.

Keywords: Active transport, energy, ATP  

Learn more about: Cell organelles: Cellular respiration: Photosynthesis: Active transport:

Level: High school  

Subject: Biology  

Topics: Cellular organelles, Physiological process  

Sub-topics: Active transport  

It is believed that mitochondria and chloroplasts are known to be energy converting organelles. Some components of the cells carry the ability to work as small machines and are responsible for withdrawing energy from the chemical bonds found in the ultimate source of nourishment in all living cells called glucose.

The mode of particle transport which needs the input of energy from the cell is called active transport. Active transport, in cell biology, refers to the movement of the molecules through the membrane against the concentration gradient, which means from an area of lower concentration to an area with higher concentration.

Further Explanation:

The energy converting organelles of the eukaryotes is developed from the prokaryotes which were engulfed by the primitive eukaryotic cells. This evolved a symbiotic relationship between them. This explained the reason behind mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid which encodes for certain proteins.

Energy processing in plants is fundamentally similar to that of animals and most fungi. The ultimate objective is to split down the glucose into smaller molecules and absorb the ATP or adenosine triphosphate molecules. Mitochondria are known to be the powerhouse of the cell as they are the sites for aerobic respiration.

Chloroplasts, on the other hand, stores the chlorophyll in tiny bags called thylakoids. In this process, the plants use light energy in order to produce ATP and NADPH which are known to be energy-carrying molecules and then produce glucose by using this energy.

Active transport is of two kinds,

Primary active transport Secondary active transport

Primary active transport utilizes adenosine triphosphate while secondary one uses an electrochemical gradient. A typical example of active transport is the uptake of glucose in the intestines in human physiology.

The movement of the ions and other molecules through the membrane of the cell without any requirement of the energy input refers to passive transport. This process does not require any input of the cellular energy as it is driven by the ability of the system to develop in entropy. There are four types of such transport, namely, filtration, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion.

Learn more:

Learn more about photosynthesis Learn more about plants Learn more about diffusion

Answer details:

Grade: High school

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Plant physiology

Keywords:

Chloroplast, mitochondria, plant cell, animal cell, powerhouse, energy, ATP, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, NADPH.  

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