A. Describe the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. B. Describe the conditions under which new species may arise.

C. Explain the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation.

D. Describe the role of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers in the process of speciation.

B.How do new species arise? New species arise through a process called speciation. In speciation, an ancestral species splits into two or more descendant species that are genetically different from one another and can no longer interbreed.

A.Both refer to the evolution of species over time. However gradualism states that evolution occurred slowly, over a long period of time. Punctuated equilibrium occurs when there are periods of apparent stasis interrupted by sudden change.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.

the answer is c a tornado