Inbreeding can cause physical defects because are passed on to the next generation. a.
DDT
c.
PCBs
b.
estrogen
d.
deleterious recessive genes

d.  deleterious recessive genes

Explanation:

Inbreeding occurs when offsprings result from two individuals who have a similar genetic sequence because they are closely related. The offsprings borne are prone to be defective because of the similarity between their parents' genes.  Inbreeding depression also occurs because the offsprings are not physically fit and can easily succumb to death.

The opposite of inbreeding is crossbreeding which prevents the negative traits that are associated with inbreeding.

the potatoes have high sugar concentrations and although these potatoes were different we could seethe effects that their sugar concentrations had in different environments. for example, the potatoes in sample a, were placed in pure water. this created a hypertonic environment and caused the potatoes to draw in water from its surroundings. we saw the opposite happen with the potatoes in sample b when placed in the sodium chloride solution. the potatoes in this case were in a hypotonic solution and therefore lost water to their surroundings.