All of the following are part of the biosphere except

a. trees

b. mountains

c. animals

d, grass

c.animals

Explanation:

A biosphere in geology can be define as the part of the earth atmosphere and other regions typically including landforms such as mountains, deserts, forests and oceans which gives a habitat for the survival of survival of living beings.

Animals is the correct option because they cannot become a substrate for the survival of the living beings directly.

dna damages cause changes in the structure of the genetic material and prevents the replication mechanism from functioning and performing properly. dna damage and mutation have different biological consequences. while most dna damages can undergo dna repair, such repair is not 100% efficient.

the form of energy changes and the total energy increases0l