The electron transport chain between photosystem II and photosystem I generate a proton gradient which drives ATP synthase known as

Complex V

Explanation:

In the mitochondria of normal cells, the ATP synthase, also referred to as Complex V of the electron transport chain, synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate by using a proton gradient. The electrons transferred by the complexes I, III, and IV extrude protons to the intermembrane region, thereby generating a proton electrochemical gradient that is used by this Complex (V) when protons pass back across the inner membrane to the matrix space. The complex V is composed of two major functional domains named F0 and F1.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.

small, big, or no change could occur in the phenotype. it could cause something as simple as a cats ears to curl backwards or something as frighting as death. it could also occur in the protien-coding area and have an effect on that but no effect on the amino acids. what has to occur is a changing in the hox gene or the control gene.