To distinguish between archaea and bacteria, must be used.

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The key difference between Bacteria and Archaea is that genes of Archaea are more similar to Eukarya than Bacteria. In addition, Archaea do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls while bacteria do. All living organisms can be classified into 3 major domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

he relationship between the three domains ( Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota) is of central importance for understanding the origin of life. Most of the metabolic pathways are common between Archaea and Bacteria, while most genes involved in genome expression are common between Archaea and Eukarya.

Microorganisms are very diverse. They include bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa; microscopic plants, and animals. Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on earth, approximately 3 billion–4 billion years ago.

The Gram stain characterizes bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. By combining morphology and Gram-staining, most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of 4 groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-negative bacilli).

There are some basic differences between Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes in cell morphology and structure which aid in phenotypic classification and identification.

Key Terms

Gram stain: A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative).

microorganism: An organism that is too small to be seen by the unaided eye, especially a single-celled organism, such as a bacterium.

domain: In the three-domain system, one of three taxa at that rank: Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukaryota.

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