Study this image of a geologic time scale. A 4 column table. Column 1, titled ERA, with entries: Caenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleazoic, Proterozoic, Archean, Hadean. Column 2, titled PERIOD, with entries: Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian, Also known as Precambrian. Column 3, titled MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, with entries: 1.6, 138, 240, 330, 410, 500, 3500. Column 4, titled KEY EVENTS, with entries: Humans evolve, Extinction of Dinosaurs with arrow pointing to approximately 68 M Y A; Permian mass extinction with arrow pointing just below 240 M Y A; Invertebrates become common with arrow pointing just below 500 M Y A; Earliest life with arrow pointing to 3500 M Y A. How long ago did invertebrates become common on Earth?

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.

it is a limiting nutrient limited by a single nutrient in the ecosystem, & the single goes very slow.