When a plaintiff has both federal and state-based claims against a defendant and diversity jurisdiction does not exist, the federal court has:

When a plaintiff has both federal and state-based claims against a defendant and diversity jurisdiction does not exist, the federal court has Discretion to exercise supplemental (pendent) Jurisdiction over the state law claim if the two claims derive from a common nucleus of operative fact and are such that a plaintiff would ordinarily be expected to try them all in one judicial proceeding

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada