Your teacher wants you to mix up the enzymes and substrates necessary to perform the Calvin cycle in a test tube. To control the reactions, you wish to do this in the absence of the light reactions, without whole chloroplasts, and with no cells present. What components do you need to put into the test tube?

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How energy flows through each level in this energy pyramid. is all the matter and energy from one level transferred to the next level?

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.