Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of a valinomycin treatment on skeletal muscle cells. valinomycin is a naturally occurring substance that can be used as a drug. the results of the experiment are presented in the table. which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best supported by the data presented in the table?

a. the valinomycin treatment caused an increase in the activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

b. the valinomycin treatment caused an increase in the activity of the golgi complex.

c. the valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the lysosome.

d. the valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.

The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.  

Explanation:

When valinomycin treatment was given, the rate of ATP production is reduced in the cells treated. Since mitochondria are involved in ATP synthesis, it clearly shows that valinomycin inhibits mitochondrial action.  

Valinomycin being a selective K+ ionophore, it can transfer potassium ions through selective lipid membranes. This can cause potassium effux in organelles like mitochondria leading to marked loss of potential of mitochondrial membrane and apoptosis in cells.

The effux of K+ ions forms a complex with valinomycin and slows down the mitochondrial part of ATP synthesis by reducing the proton-motive force, but does not block any oxygen electron transfer .

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.    

what's the rest of the question