Identify a specific environmental factor that will cause a response to living things, and describe how this factor might affect animal and plant cells differently.

A specific environmental factor that will cause a response to living things would be temperature.

Explanation:

Temperature can be described as the amount of heat present in an organism. The heat usually arises from environmental sources like the Sun.

A rise in temperature to moderate amounts will cause the plant cells to have enhanced photosynthesis. A moderate rise in temperature will also cause the germination process to be faster.

In animals, a rise in temperature will cause vasodilation. A fall in temperature will cause vasoconstriction.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.