In seed plants, what is an important difference between gymnosperms and most angiosperms?

a. gymnosperms rely on animals to carry pollen from the female gametophyte to the male gametophyte, while angiosperms rely on wind.

b. gymnosperms require water for sperm to travel from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte, while angiosperms do not rely on water for fertilization.

c. in gymnosperms, male gametophytes and female gametophytes are produced in different structures, while in angiosperms they are usually produced in the same structure. d. both gymnosperms and angiosperms produce seeds on the scales of cones, but angiosperms have flowers.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.