Which is a pair of opposing forces that act on water as it goes down through the soil?
a. condensation and capillary action
b. permeability and gravity
c. capillary action and gravity
d. porosity and capillary action

C. Capillary action and gravity

Explanation:

Capillary action lets water "stick" to the walls of the soil,  and gravity pulls it down, therfore opposing its force

The correct answer is option C, that is, capillary action and gravity.

Explanation:

Capillary action plays an essential role in moving the water around. It is illustrated as the movement of water inside the spaces of a porous substance because of the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.  

Capillary action takes place as water is sticky, and due to the forces of cohesion and adhesion, the molecules of water are fascinated towards each other and stick to other components. Capillary action takes place when the adhesion to the walls is robust in comparison to the cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid. However, capillary action is restricted by the forces that work against it, that is, surface tension and gravity.  

a time line cause it goes from 685 to 978