Plants lose water from their above-ground surfaces through transpiration. most of this water is lost from stomata, small openings in the leaves. excess water loss can have a negative effect on the growth, development, and reproduction of a plant. the first sign of this water loss is plant wilting, as water leaves the large central vacuole of the above-ground plant cells. severe water loss can be fatal. environmental factors have a major impact on the rate of plant transpiration.
consider the graph above, noting the rate of transpiration as atmospheric humidity increases. compare this process of osmosis of water from plant cells themselves.
a) increasing humidity leads to reduced transpiration due to decreased difference in water vapor pressure between leaf and atmosphere. osmosis increases as the concentration gradient reaches equilibrium.
b) increasing humidity leads to increased transpiration due to increased difference in water vapor pressure between leaf and atmosphere. similarly, osmosis increases with a difference in concentration gradient.
c) there is a indirect relationship between relative humidity and transpiration; as humidity increases, transpiration decreases. the same is true on a cellular level. as the concentration gradient increases, osmosis decreases.
d) increasing humidity leads to reduced transpiration due to decreased difference in water vapor pressure between leaf and atmosphere. similarly, osmosis decreases as the concentration gradient inside and out of the cell reaches equilibrium.

Science27 of the most iconic, jaw-dropping photos of the earth and the moon from spacedave mosher  oct 1, 2018, 11: 13 am etnasa/flickrapollo 11 astronauts took this photo of earth on july 20, 1969.from the ground, earth looks like a boundless fertile plain that beckons to be explored and exploited.but astronauts would beg -  and even plead  - to differ."you realize that people often say, 'i hope to go to heaven when i die,'" jim lovell, an astronaut who flew on the apollo 8 and apollo 13 missions to the moon, previously  told business insider. "in reality, if you think about it, you go to heaven when you're born."lovell has seen first-hand that we live on a tiny rock hopelessly lost in the void. he's also quick to tell you it's the only one we've got - a  fragile spaceship  for more than 7 billion people: "you arrive on a planet that has the proper mass, has the gravity to contain water and an atmosphere, which are the very essentials for life. and you arrive on this planet that's orbiting a star just at the right distance - not too far to be too cold, or too close to be too hot - and just at the right distance to absorb that star's energy and then, with that energy, cause life to evolve here in the first place. in reality, you know, god has really given us a stage, just looking at where we were around the moon, a stage on which we perform. and how that play turns out is up to us, i guess."humanity has recorded photos of earth from hundreds, thousands, millions, and even billions of miles away, some of them taken by lovell himself.these images not only scientists study our dynamic world, but also understand how a habitable planet looks from afar, which aids the search for  more worlds. most importantly, however, the images underscore our peculiar existence on  a mote of cosmic dust.take a moment to ponder 27 of the most arresting images of earth that humankind has ever captured from space.a

1) the mayans built pyramids just like the egyptians. the mayans also used hieroglyphics like them.2) power was passed down by family. for example, if the father dies, the son would be the next king.3)they both built pyramids for their structures.4)the main crop for the mayans was maize.5)they also grew manioc, beans,  squash,  amaranth, and chile peppers.