Describe the differences in the abiotic factors of the open ocean photic zone compared to the open ocean aphotic zone.

Photic zone refers to the upper layer of a water body described by the depth to which sufficient sunlight can penetrate to allow the process of photosynthesis. The abiotic factors, which influences the photic zone are obtainability of light and depth of the photic zone, stratification, temperature, nutrients, salinity, and currents and tides.  

The aphotic zone refers to the part of an ocean or lake where there is no or little sunlight. It is usually illustrated as the depths beyond which less than one percent of sunlight goes through. Bio-luminescence is only light found in this zone.  

The majority of the food in this zone comes from dead organisms falling to the bottom of the ocean or lake from the overlying waters. The depth of the aphotic zone is highly affected by the factors, like a season of the year and turbidity.  

affects the water bodies: excessive use of fertilizers causes eutrophication. the fertilizers which are used on plants affect the quality of land on which it is used, further causing erosion of soil. the fertilizers used on plants contain harmful chemical fumes which affect the environment.

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