1.when are photo releases required by law? 2.when are they not required?

1. Technically there never required unless yo actually take a photo of someone then you have to send it to them straight away. You need a release for the commercial use of a person’s name or image. A “commercial use” occurs when a name or image appears while a product or service is being sold or endorsed. For example, if your website offers hair products and features photographs of people using the products, you would need a release from the people in the photos. You do not need a release if the person cannot be recognized in the photo: for example, if the photo only includes the person’s hands.

2. You do not need a release to use a person’s name or image for informational purposes. An informational (or “editorial”) purpose is anything that informs, educates, or expresses opinions protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution—freedom of speech and of the press. An informational use would include using a person’s name or photograph in a newspaper or magazine article, educational program, film, nonfiction book, or informational website.

These traits are all equally important in recognizing the validity of artwork mainly due to an artists' consistent style and reputation which they have developed over a lengthy period of time. most famous paintings contain specific characteristics of the artist who created it. an appraiser would pay close attention to certain key elements within the painting, as well as an accuracy in measurement and color shade. blended textures and outlines are essential in recognizing an authentic piece from a copy. signature and imagery exist in epic proportions to balance out each trait as they coexist in harmony, depending on preference and style of each artist. no two original pieces are virtually identical, although it may be almost impossible to see discrepancy with the naked eye.

This would be tesserae.