What new field of study caused this increased interest in creating realistic art?

Artists became well-rounded "Renaissance men" who studied not just the arts, but philosophy, math, and science as well. As a result of Humanistic tendencies, there was an increased desire to portray realistic subjects and spaces in art.
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Iguess the letter e

He could go with d. temperatempera coloring is very precise and can easily be used if you have the skills necessary to paint hair. this was commonly seen in religious paintings made with tempera techniques. the first tree are not that much about fine details and photorealism and are more about vivid colors and expressiveness.