Can someone explain when i use the particle は and when i use が?

1. by a sculptora.ablative of agentb.ablative of means2. by a patrona.ablative of agentb.ablative of means3. by hammer and chisela.ablative of agentb.ablative of means4. by millions of art loversa.ablative of agentb.ablative of means5. by berninia.ablative of agentb.ablative of means

He saw, once and for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. he had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. the excerpt demonstrates that buck is learning to

Ano ang ibig sabihin ng hugot lines