Tricky question

why apples are green

Which cause-and-effect relationship in “broken chain” relates to the theme "by others, we ourselves"?

Ishmael wants to go on vacation with his friend's family. what's the best way he can persuade his parents to say yes? a he can tell them that he will be sad and stay in bed if he can't go. b he can explain that the vacation will be educational and safe. c he can say that he'll hate his parents if they don't let him go. d he can ask them for the money that he needs for the trip.

How would most spanish speakers ask an elderly person how he/she is doing?