Mrs. simms reviewed her class role and read the permanent files of her incoming fourth grade students before school started in august. she noticed that gabe had poor grades in several subjects last year, and his second and third grade teachers left notes about his bad conduct in the permanent file. when school started, mrs. simms told gabe she was happy to have him in her class and said she knew he would like fourth grade subjects and learn a lot. throughout the year, mrs. simms encouraged gabe and expressed her belief in his ability to learn. in the spring, gabe scored in a higher percentile on his district's standardized tests than he had the previous year. his gains were much higher than expected. this is an example of: