Natika had been working at abercrombie industries for six months when her boss asked to see her in his office. she thought he wanted to talk about a promotion, so she was quite excited. however, instead of giving her a promotion, the boss told natika she was being laid off as a result of company downsizing. natika could feel her heart pounding as she listened to the news. natika was able to find a new job, but every time her new boss asks to talk to her in private, natika feels a little faint. in this example of classical conditioning, her pounding heart when her old boss delivered the bad news to natika is:

in 342 bc j._c. egypt fell into the hands of the persians, under the reign of nectanebo ii

greek city-states unite in a revolt against the persian empire at the beginning of the fifth century bc. j.-c  

from the year 660 or 659 bc ad, cyrus preached the revolt against the medes to deliver the persians.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.