Dwayne was born to a single mother living in chicago. within the context of the ecological-systems approach, knowing this fact allows one to know something about his chronosystem macrosystem microsystem exosystem

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

you answered your own : -/