Sara has intense problems with leaving her house. she often refuses to do so, and in cases when she will go out, she simply must be by her mother's side at all times. this goes as far as requiring her mother to be in physical contact with sara (holding hands, clinging to her mother's clothing) whenever they go shopping. sara also refuses to go to a peer's house for a play date unless her mother stays the whole time and is never more than one room away. sara may be diagnosed with:

The answer to the question: Sara may be diagnosed with, is, Separation  anxiety Disorder (SAD).

Explanation:

Separation anxiety disorder is defined as a pathological anxious reaction on the part of a person towards separation from either a place, or a person, that holds meaning to them. Separation anxiety is a normal developmental stage in children till the age of 3, and it will show itself by fear from the child when someone close to them (parents, or other significant people), leave them, or when they have to leave a place that is familiar to them. However, this stage should start resolving itself later in life, and it should definitely not be present in teenagers, or adults. When it does, it becomes a disorder, a pathology, and it manifests itself by the generation of high levels of anxiety and stress in response to separation from places, or people, that make the person feel safe and secure. In the case of Sara, she refuses to leave her mother, to the point that her mother has to remain with her at all times, and everywhere she goes. This is a clear example of SAD.

the first lok sabha in 1951 had 22 women mps. the current lok sabha has 66. in the span of 54 years and 16 lok sabha elections it amounts to a three- fold increase in the number of women mps that made their way to the lower house of the parliament. from 5% in 1951, women mps constitute 12.2% of the lok sabha today. the rise in numbers has been steady through the years, both in absolute numbers and percentages. the notable exceptions have been the dip in numbers during the 6th lok sabha in 1977, the 9th lok sabha in 1989 and most recently the 14th lok sabha in 2004. the trends show a marked and steady increase from 1991 onwards to the present lok sabha. the 1991 figures show a jump from 5% in the previous lok sabha to 7% and the steady increase from thereon (except for 2004). it would be interesting to understand the factors for this watershed year and continuous rise and also the fall in numbers during 2004.

s no year number of women mps percentage of women mps

1 1951 22 4.50%

2 1957 22 4.45%

3 1962 31 6.28%

4 1967 29 5.58%

5 1971 28 5.41%

6 1977 19 3.51%

7 1980 28 5.29%

8 1984 43 7.95%

9 1989 29 5.48%

10 1991 39 7.30%

11 1996 40 7.37%

12 1998 43 7.92%

13 1999 49 9.02%

14 2004 45 8.29%

15 2009 59 10.87%

16 2014 66 12.15%

the average representation of women mps( 12.15%) is higher than the national average of women mlas in state assemblies, which stands at a dismal 9%. while the numbers have increased over the years, the percentage of women that make up the lok sabha even today is not a figure to be proud of, especially when the ideal number should be at 33% at least. we still have a long way to go.

percentage of women mps in various lok sabhaswomen contestants in elections to the lok sabha

central to the question of women’s representation in lok sabha is the appetite for women to take the political plunge and jump into the fray along with and against male candidates, getting tickets from their respective parties to contest elections and finally winning the seats that they contest. while popular perception might be that few women are willing to or have taken the political plunge, number of women contestants tells an interesting story. between 1957(the earliest data available) and 2015, the total number of women contestants has increased from 45 to 668. that is a whopping 15 fold increase in the number of women contesting. if we looked at the data for male contestants for the same years, the number has increased from 1474 to 7583, a five- fold increase. the 15 fold increase in women contestants indicates towards the growing appetite for women to enter the political fray and willingness to be part of political decision-making.

number of female contenstants in various lok sabha elections

explanation: