Regarding the causes of iq, sir francis galton

1. I believe the correct answer is that Sir Francis Galton believed IQ to be hereditary.

Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, studied the effects of sensory abilities on intelligence and believed that genes significantly influenced IQ. His beliefs and inspiration came from Charles Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” (1859) and he devoted the rest of his life studying the variation in human populations and its implications. In his research doing, he established a program which multiple aspects of human variation, from mental characteristics to height are embraced. In his book “Hereditary Genius” (1869), he made the first social scientific attempt to study geniuses.