Brooke is a ph. d. candidate in the field of nanophysics. she is aware that only 4 percent of physics professionals are women. many assume this is due to women having an inability to comprehend complex mathematics. knowing this, brooke actually scores below her male counterparts on exams, thus affirming the idea that women have difficulty with physics. brooke is experiencing:

answer; self-efficacy;

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.