When people make public statements regarding their attitudes, they are more likely to resist later counterattitudinal messages. they are less likely to resist counterattitudinal messages. their tendency to resist counterattitudinal messages is unchanged. they are unlikely to change the attitudes of others?

When people make public statements regarding their attitudes, they are more likely to resist later counter-attitudinal messages. In addition, the counter-attitudinal behavior is a feature of research in the forced obedience paradigm of cognitive dissonance philosophy to make dissonance by requiring someone engage in counter-attitudinal advocacy typically, advocating a position that is at alteration with his or her attitudes.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada