This excerpt by british physician john griscom was written in 1842. by providing the laboring classes with better tenements, improved ventilation, and healthy and cleanly arrangements in respect to yards, sinks and sewerage, they will certainly suffer less from sickness and premature mortality, and a vast amount of pauperism, crime, and wretchedness be prevented . . what is the most likely reason griscom connected crime to poor living conditions?

Unhealthy people who could not earn a living were more likely to commit crimes.

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A person's most basic needs include nourishment and the preservation of his or her health. If an individual confronts a situation in which he is not able to fulfill both of these needs, he or she will make all efforts possible in order to satisfy them in the least possible time. Griscom argues that by improving the living conditions of the working class, this will directly help them solve the causes that make them commit crimes due to the fact it makes it easier for them to preserve their health.

answer; reincarnation of an eternal soul;

answer; the smaller of the two reciprocal products of translocated chromosomes is lost; after several cell divisions, only the larger of the two translocated chromosomes remains,its reciprocal is lost;