Gina is a single mother whose own mother has been patiently teaching her parenting and child-care skills so that gina can eventually parent effectively on her own. this illustrates which arrangement?

This illustrates parenting or care agreement. This type of agreement focuses more on how the parents will raise their child in means of their own ways and methods and how they will likely help their child to develop as a stepping stone towards their future or as they grow.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

the answer to your question is,

d. when a child was born.

-mabel < 3