In the effect, letters are read and identified more easily when they are embedded in words than when they are presented either in isolation or with letters that do not form words.

Which of the following discoveries would be most likely to cause a scientific paradigm shift? a. the discovery of more rings around uranus b. the discovery of a new pathogenic virus transmitted by mosquitoes c. the discovery that a dormant volcano is showing signs of activity d. the discovery of a new species of salamander in the amazon rainforest e. the discovery that excess heat is radiating from the center of the earth and causing global climate change