In an experimental study, men with erectile dysfunction received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the 1) random sample.
2) dependent variable.
3) standard deviation.
4) independent variable.

Saade, morin, and thomas (2012) describe critical thinking as the mental processes of discernment, analysis, and evaluation applied to information in order to achieve a logical final understanding and/or judgment. describe your approach to breaking down information into component parts to better understand the characteristics of a statement, concept, or problem. how might outlining to develop understanding? how do you know when to reach beyond previous experience and seek out other sources of information to enhance your understanding of the work in front of you? (this response does not require research support.)