(Bar Graph)
show by doing in copy

Here is the bar graph of your question, I hope it helps

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

a. the moon was locked into orbit by the earths gravity as it was passing by and capture hypothesis i think