According to the text, elder abuse in families often, although not always, results from .

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."

sir frederic attributed inaccuracies to schemas. memory reconstruction is one part actual events and one part personal schema, which can result in inaccuracies when memories are reconstructed.

portugal is the westernmost country in europe.