as a student talks to her psychology professor, the professor explains that the way she usually conducts research is by measuring the frequency of lever presses by rats, and examining how different kinds of rewards and punishments increase or decrease the frequency of the lever presses. she also explains that according to the theory she works to test, there is little to no need to appeal to how the rats’ "minds" are working. rather, she can explain all lever-pressing simply as a function of the external environment in which the rat finds itself. the professor comes from the perspective.

Apopulation is a group of individuals of a single species existing together in an area. a population’s range, the area it occupies, changes over time. populations, in turn, may form a network, or metapopulation, connected by individuals that move from one group to another. within a population, the distribution of individuals can be random, uniform, or clumped, and the distribution is determined in part by the availability of resources. how might the geographic range of a species change if populations could not exchange individuals with each other? how would your answer depend on what type of metapopulation existed?

Reflect on what you have learned about crime, deviance, and social control. explain your thoughts on whether all patients and people in need deserve equal treatment and care.

Article 11 of the constitution defines the role of?