What did Russia look like before it became Russia? Under what leaders was Russian Power centralized and empowered and how did those TWO leaders do it?

HELP ASAP PL

Charles schenck was a u.s. citizen and private in the army. while in military training during world war i, schenck printed and passed out leaflets explaining why he was against the draft (required military service). he was charged with violating the espionage act of 1917, a federal law outlawing any action interfering with military operations. schenck believed the espionage act violated his right to free speech. in which court would this case ultimately be decided, and why? a state criminal court, because schenck was accused of violating a criminal law a military tribunal, because the matter involved members of the military a county civil court, because it involved violation of a civil liberty the u.s. supreme court, because schenck challenged whether the law was constitutional

You swipe your debit card too many times. what additional charges should you expect?

Does (flavius) josephus believe the romans were merciful when they conquered people? how does he try to persuade the reader to support his belief?