A poorly designed question may lead to , that is, there is a difference between the information that the researcher is interested in and the information generated by the question. For example, if the wording of a question is confusing and most people misunderstand it, their answers will not reflect what the researcher is interested in. frame error underrepresentation error structured error random error measurement error

With regard to personality, it appears that: a) there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and little consistency of traits over the life span.b) there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next but significant consistency of traits over the life span.c) there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next but little consistency of traits over the life span.d) there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and significant consistency of traits over the life span.