John, a sociologist, is researching the family and is focusing on the socialization process children experience within the family and how parents transmit norms and values to their children. Which theoretical perspective is the basis for John's research

Which factor contributed to the rise of african empires such as ghana and mali ? a. their creation and involvement in trade networks b. they focused only on agricultural production. c. they didn’t engage in warfare with other nations d. their geographic location protected them from attacks.